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Adolescent
Depression
Helping Depressed Teens
It’s not unusual for young people to experience "the blues" or feel "down in the dumps" occasionally. Adolescence is always an unsettling time, with the many physical, emotional, psychological and social changes that accompany this stage of life.
Unrealistic academic, social, or family expectations can create a strong sense of rejection and can lead to deep disappointment. When things go wrong at school or at home, teens often overreact. Many young people feel that life is not fair or that things "never go their way." They feel "stressed out" and confused. To make matters worse, teens are bombarded by conflicting messages from parents, friends and society. Today’s teens see more of what life has to offer "both good and bad" on television, at school, in magazines and on the Internet. They are also forced to learn about the threat of AIDS, even if they are not sexually active or using drugs.
Teens need adult guidance more than ever to understand all the emotional and physical changes they are experiencing. When teens’ moods disrupt their ability to function on a day-to-day basis, it may indicate a serious emotional or mental disorder that needs attention — adolescent depression. Parents or caregivers must take action.
Dealing With Adolescent
Pressures
When teens feel down, there are ways they can cope with these feelings
to avoid serious depression. All of these suggestions help develop a sense
of acceptance and belonging that is so important to adolescents.
- Try to make
new friends. Healthy relationships with peers are central to teens’
self-esteem and provide an important social outlet.
- Participate
in sports, job, school activities or hobbies. Staying busy helps
teens focus on positive activities rather than negative feelings or
behaviors.
- Join organizations
that offer programs for young people. Special programs geared to
the needs of adolescents help develop additional interests.
- Ask a trusted adult for help. When problems are too much to handle alone, teens should not be afraid to ask for help.
But sometimes, despite everyone’s best efforts, teens become depressed. Many factors can contribute to depression. Studies show that some depressed people have too much or too little of certain brain chemicals. Also, a family history of depression may increase the risk for developing depression. Other factors that can contribute to depression are difficult life events (such as death or divorce), side-effects from some medications and negative thought patterns.
Recognizing Adolescent
Depression
Adolescent depression is increasing at an alarming rate. Recent surveys
indicate that as many as one in five teens suffers from clinical depression.
This is a serious problem that calls for prompt, appropriate treatment.
Depression can take several forms, including bipolar disorder (formally
called manic-depression), which is a condition that alternates between
periods of euphoria and depression.
Depression can be difficult to diagnose in teens because adults may expect teens to act moody. Also, adolescents do not always understand or express their feelings very well. They may not be aware of the symptoms of depression and may not seek help.
These symptoms may indicate depression, particularly when they last for more than two weeks:
- Poor performance
in school
- Withdrawal from
friends and activities
- Sadness and hopelessness
- Lack of enthusiasm,
energy or motivation
- Anger and rage
- Overreaction to
criticism
- Feelings of being
unable to satisfy ideals
- Poor self-esteem
or guilt
- Indecision, lack
of concentration or forgetfulness
- Restlessness and
agitation
- Changes in eating
or sleeping patterns
- Substance abuse
- Problems with authority
- Suicidal thoughts or actions
Teens may experiment with drugs or alcohol or become sexually promiscuous to avoid feelings of depression. Teens also may express their depression through hostile, aggressive, risk-taking behavior. But such behaviors only lead to new problems, deeper levels of depression and destroyed relationships with friends, family, law enforcement or school officials.
Treating Adolescent
Depression
It is extremely important that depressed teens receive prompt, professional
treatment. Depression is serious and, if left untreated, can worsen
to the point of becoming life-threatening. If depressed teens refuse treatment,
it may be necessary for family members or other concerned adults to seek
professional advice.
Therapy can help teens understand why they are depressed and learn how to cope with stressful situations. Depending on the situation, treatment may consist of individual, group or family counseling. Medications that can be prescribed by a psychiatrist may be necessary to help teens feel better.
Some of the most common and effective ways to treat depression in adolescents are:
- Psychotherapy
provides teens an opportunity to explore events and feelings that are
painful or troubling to them. Psychotherapy also teaches them coping
skills.
- Cognitive-behavioral
therapy helps teens change negative patterns of thinking and behaving.
- Interpersonal
therapy focuses on how to develop healthier relationships at home
and at school.
- Medication relieves some symptoms of depression and is often prescribed along with therapy.
When depressed adolescents recognize the need for help, they have taken a major step toward recovery. However, remember that few adolescents seek help on their own. They may need encouragement from their friends and support from concerned adults to seek help and follow treatment recommendations.
Facing The Danger
Of Teen Suicide
Sometimes teens feel so depressed that they consider ending their lives.
Each year, almost 5,000 young people, ages 15 to 24, kill themselves.
The rate of suicide for this age group has nearly tripled since 1960,
making it the third leading cause of death in adolescents and the second
leading cause of death among college-age youth.
Studies show that suicide attempts among young people may be based on long-standing problems triggered by a specific event. Suicidal adolescents may view a temporary situation as a permanent condition. Feelings of anger and resentment combined with exaggerated guilt can lead to impulsive, self-destructive acts.
Recognizing The
Warning Signs
Four out of five teens who attempt suicide have given clear warnings.
Pay attention to these warning signs:
- Suicide threats,
direct and indirect
- Obsession with
death
- Poems, essays and
drawings that refer to death
- Dramatic change
in personality or appearance
- Irrational, bizarre
behavior
- Overwhelming sense
of guilt, shame or rejection
- Changed eating
or sleeping patterns
- Severe drop in
school performance
- Giving away belongings
REMEMBER!!! These warning signs should be taken seriously. Obtain help immediately. Caring and support can save a young life.
Helping Suicidal Teens
- Offer help and
listen. Encourage depressed teens to talk about their feelings.
Listen, don't lecture.
- Trust your instincts.
If it seems that the situation may be serious, seek prompt help. Break
a confidence if necessary, in order to save a life.
- Pay attention
to talk about suicide. Ask direct questions and don’t be afraid
of frank discussions. Silence is deadly!
- Seek professional help. It is essential to seek expert advice from a mental health professional who has experience helping depressed teens. Also, alert key adults in the teen's life — family, friends and teachers.
Looking To The
Future
When adolescents are depressed, they have a tough time believing that
their outlook can improve. But professional treatment can have a dramatic
impact on their lives. It can put them back on track and bring them hope
for the future.
MHAFC needs your financial support to continue to improve awareness and understanding of mental illnesses. Please click here to make a contribution.
This fact sheet is
generously supported by a grant from the William H. Donner Foundation.
Copyright 1997
