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Mental Health Statistics
Mental Illness
- One in every five
people, or about 54 million Americans, experience some type of mental
disorder each year, although fewer than 8 million seek treatment (Surgeon
General's Report on Mental Health, 1999). FRANKLIN COUNTY: More than
205,100 people in Franklin County experience some type of mental disorder
each year.
- 28% to 30% of the
U.S. population has a mental health disorder, substance abuse disorder,
or both (National Mental Health Association, 2002).
- Serious mental
illnesses affect more than 10 million Americans, nearly half of who
have severe and persistent disorders (Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services, 1997). FRANKLIN COUNTY: Serious mental illnesses affect
more than 41,000 people in Franklin County, over 20,500 of whom have
severe and persistent disorders.
- The indirect costs
of mental illness to the American economy in 1990 were $79 billion (U.S.
Surgeon General, 1999).
- Untreated and mistreated
mental illness cost the United States $105 billion in lost productivity
and $8 billion in crime and welfare expenditures (British Journal of
Psychiatry, 1998).
- 165,674 people
with psychiatric disabilities in Ohio received SSI or SSDI payments
in 1999 (Social Security Bulletin, Annual Statistical Supplement 2000).
- 40% of people receiving
SSI or SSDI in Ohio have a psychiatric disability. In 1999, total annual
disbursements in Ohio for persons receiving SSI/SSDI with psychiatric
disabilities exceeded $840 million (Social Security Bulletin Annual
Statistical Supplement, 2000).
- Approximately 15%
of all adults who have a mental illness in any given year also experience
a co-occurring substance abuse disorder, which complicates treatment
(Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health, 1999). FRANKLIN COUNTY:
Over 30,000 people suffer from co-occurring mental illness and substance
abuse disorders.
- Bipolar disorder,
also known as manic-depressive illness, affects more than 2 million
Americans at any given time (National Mental Health Association, 2000).
FRANKLIN COUNTY: More than 72,000 people suffer from bipolar disorder.
- More than 2.5 million
Americans ages 18 and over, about one percent of the population, have
schizophrenia (Schizophrenia Bulletin, 1998). FRANKLIN COUNTY: More
than 10,000 people in Franklin County have schizophrenia.
- Roughly 37 percent
of alcohol abusers and 53 percent of drug abusers also have at least
one serious mental illness (Journal of the American Medical Association,
1998).
- Thirty-four percent
of people with schizophrenia in one study experienced full recovery
in psychiatric states and social functioning (National Empowerment Center,
2000).
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS
- Depression and
anxiety disorders, the two most common mental illnesses, each affect
19 million American adults each year (National Institute of Mental Health,
2000). FRANKLIN COUNTY: More than 71,700 people in Franklin County
suffer from depression and anxiety disorders.
- More than 16 million
adults ages 18 to 54 in the United States suffer from anxiety disorders,
which include panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic
stress disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (National
Mental Health Association, 2000). FRANKLIN COUNTY: More than 61,500
people ages 18 to 54 in Franklin County suffer from anxiety disorders.
- People with panic
disorder may also have depression and substance abuse. About 30 percent
of people with panic disorder abuse alcohol and 17 percent abuse drugs
such as cocaine and marijuana (National Mental Health Association, 2000).
- Nearly twice as
many women (12 percent) as men (7 percent) are affected by a depressive
illness each year, but risks for bipolar disorder (manic-depression)
are similar in men and women (National Institute of Mental Health, 2000).
- Major depression
is the leading cause of disability in the United States and worldwide
(Study by the World Health Organization, The World Bank, and Harvard
University, 1999).
- Depression can be successfully treated more than 80 percent of the time (National Institute of Mental Health, 2001).
Older Adults
- Late-life depression
affects about six million adults, but only 10 percent receive treatment
(National Mental Health Association, 1998). FRANKLIN COUNTY: Late-life
depression affects about 20,500 people in Franklin County.
- Up to 20 percent
of older adults have significant symptoms of depression (U.S. Surgeon
General, 1999).
- Older Americans
are more likely to commit suicide than any other age group. Although
they constitute only 13% of the U.S. population, individuals age 65
and older account for 20% of all suicides (National Institute of Mental
Health, 2000).
- At least 10% to
20% of widows and widowers develop clinically significant depression
within a year of the death of their spouse (Surgeon General's Report
on Mental Health, 1999).
- Among adults age
55 and older, 11.4% meet the criteria for having an anxiety disorder
(Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health, 1999).
- Alcohol abuse and
dependence is four times as prevalent among men over the age of 65 than
women in the same age group (Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health,
1999).
- Men account for 83 percent of suicides by people over age 65 (Centers for Disease Control, 2001).
Children
- One in every five
children and adolescents has a mental health problem that can be identified
and treated (Surgeon General Report on Mental Health, 1999).
- At least one in
10 children, or about six million youngsters, has a serious emotional
disorder (Surgeon General Report on Mental Health, 1999).
- Only one third
of children with mental disorders receive treatment (Surgeon General
Report on Mental Health, 1999).
- The majority of
Americans (70 percent) rebuff the false notion that childhood mental
health problems are really the result of poor parenting (Surgeon General
Report on Mental Health, 1999).
- Each year, eating
disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, affect millions
of Americans, 85%-90% of whom are teens and young adult women (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2000).
- Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common mental disorders in
children, affecting 3 to 5 percent of school-age children (National
Institute of Mental Health, 1999).
- Suicide is the
ninth leading cause of death in the U.S. It is the third leading cause
of death for 15- to 24-year-olds and the sixth for 5- to 15-year-olds.
The incidence of suicide among 15- to 24-year-olds has tripled since
1960 (Centers for Disease Control, 1997; American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997).
- Every hour and 45 minutes another young person commits suicide (The Jed Foundation, 2000).
CHILDREN AND DEPRESSION
- At any one time,
between 10 and 15 percent of children and adolescents have some symptoms
of depression. In any given year, about 5 percent of children between
9 and 17 years old have full-fledged depression (U.S. Surgeon General
Report on Mental Health, 1999).
- Once a child experiences
an episode of depression, he or she is at risk of having another episode
within the next five years (Center for Mental Health Services, 1998).
- Teenage girls are
more likely to develop depression than teenage boys (National Institute
of Mental Health, 2000).
- About 13 percent
of children between 9 and 17 years old have an anxiety disorder (U.S.
Surgeon General Report on Mental Health, 1999).
- Children and teens
who have a chronic illness, endure abuse or neglect, or experience other
traumas have an increased risk of depression (National Institute of
Mental Health, 2000).
- Studies have confirmed the short-term efficacy and safety of treatments for depression in youth (National Institute of Mental Health, 2000).
MENTAL ILLNESS AND THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
- Children who grow
up in poverty are more likely to have a mental disorder or emotional
disturbance and are more likely to have contact with the juvenile justice
system (National Mental Health Association, 2000).
- About 42 percent
of children in child welfare systems have a diagnosable mental health
disorder (U.S. Surgeon General, 2001).
- Each year, more
than one million youth come in contact with the juvenile justice system,
and more than 100,000 youths are placed in some type of correctional
facility. Studies consistently found the rate of mental disorders to
be two to three times higher throughout the juvenile justice population
than among youth in the general population (Coccozza, J. (Ed.) Responding
to the Mental Health Needs of Youth in the Juvenile Justice System,
1992).
- Twenty percent
of youths in juvenile justice facilities have a serious emotional disturbance
and most have a diagnosed mental disorder. Up to an additional 30% of
youths in these facilities have substance abuse disorders or co-occurring
substance abuse disorders (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, 2000).
- Conduct disorder, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit disorder and depression are the most common mental disorders of the youth in the juvenile justice system (National Mental Health Association, 2000).
CHILDREN AND ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE
- Alcohol, marijuana,
inhalants, and club drugs are the most frequently used drugs among middle
and high school youth (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
2000).
- Research has shown
that the use of club drugs such as Ecstasy and GHB can cause serious
health problems and, in some cases, cause death. Used in combination
with alcohol, these drugs pose even more danger (National Institute
on Drug Abuse, 1999).
- Children and adolescents
increasingly believe that regular alcohol and drug use are not dangerous
(Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2000).
- Among middle and
high school aged students, less than 20% of young people between the
ages of 12 and 17 report using alcohol in the previous month and less
than 4% report drinking heavily in the past month (Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration, 2000).
- Young people are
beginning to drink at younger ages. Children who begin drinking or using
drugs before age 15 are four times more likely to become addicted than
those who begin at age 21 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, 2000).
- Children of alcohol- and drug-addicted parents are up to four times more likely to develop substance abuse and mental health problems (National Association for Children of Alcoholics, 1998).
College Students
- More than 75 percent
of college students felt "overwhelmed" last year, and 22 percent were
sometimes so depressed they couldn't function (American College Health
Association, 2001).
- The number of freshman
reporting less than average emotional health has been on the rise since
1985 (University of California, Los Angeles, Higher Education Research
Institute, 2002).
- Ten percent of
college students have been diagnosed with depression (National Mental
Health Association, 2001).
- Seven percent of
college students have an anxiety disorder (National Institute of Mental
Health, 2000).
- Approximately 5 percent of college women have bulimia (American Anorexia/Bulimia Association, 2001).
Post-Terrorism
- More than 70 percent
of Americans felt symptoms of depression in the weeks following the
terrorist attacks (The Pew Research Center for People and the Press,
2001).
- Between 10 and
30 percent of people directly impacted by the terrorist attacks will
likely develop acute stress disorder (Journal of the American Medical
Association, 2001).
- Two years after the Oklahoma City bombing, 16 percent of children and adolescents who lived within 100 miles of the building reported significant symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (National Center for PTSD, 2000).
Employment
- On average, for
every mental health consumer in California who became employed in 1995,
$239 was paid each month in federal, state, local and sales taxes; $200
per month was saved in public assistance and SSI payments; and $187
per month was saved in public mental health services costs (California
Department of Rehabilitation, taxpayer study).
- The unemployment
rate for people with severe and persistent mental disorders hovers at
90% (U.S. Surgeon General Report on Mental Health, 1999).
- Approximately 70,000
people with severe and persistent mental illness in Ohio are unemployed
(ODMH MIS Data).
- During the last
fiscal year, the Ohio Rehabilitation Services Commission helped 1,310
people with mental illness become employed (ORSC 2000 Annual Report,
2000).
- Depression ranks
among the top three workplace problems, following only family crisis
and stress (Employee Assistance Professionals Association, 1996).
- Depression costs
the nation about $44 billion a year in lost work days, decreased productivity
and other losses (National Institute of Mental Health, 1999).
- The combined indirect
and related costs of mental illnesses, including costs of lost productivity,
lost earnings, and societal costs, are estimated to total $148 billion
(National Institute of Mental Health, 1999).
- Clinical depression
alone costs the U.S. $43.7 billion annually, including workplace costs
for absenteeism and lost productivity ($23.8 billion), direct costs
for treatment and rehabilitation ($12.4 billion) and loss of expected
lifetime earnings due to depression-induced suicides ($7.5 billion)
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993).
- Anxiety disorders
cost the U.S. $46.8 billion in 1990 in direct and indirect costs, nearly
one-third of the nation's total mental health bill (National Institute
of Mental Health, 1998).
- About 73 percent
of people with substance abuse disorders are employed (Center for Substance
Abuse Prevention, 1999).
- The cost of alcohol
and illicit drug use in the workplace, including lost productivity,
medical claims, and accidents, amounts to $140 billion per year (National
Drug Addiction Recovery Month Kit, 1998).
- People reporting that they experience high stress on the job and did not have methods for coping accounted for nearly 8% of total healthcare costs over six years (National Report on Work & Family, 2000).
DISABILITIES FROM MENTAL ILLNESS
- 71% of people without
disabilities own homes, but fewer than 10% of those with disabilities
do (New Freedom Initiative President George W. Bush).
- In 1997, over 33%
of adults with disabilities lived in a household with an annual income
of less than $15,000, compared to only 12% of those without disabilities
(New Freedom Initiative President George W. Bush).
- Currently, major
depression is the leading cause of global human disability (Pfizer,
2000).
- According to a
landmark study, commissioned by the World Health Organization and the
World Bank, 4 of the 10 leading causes of disability for persons age
5 and older are mental disorders (Global Burden of Disease & Injury,
2000).
- Schizophrenia is the second leading cause of disability for women in the developed world; in the U.S., it currently affects 2.5 million people and consumes 22% of all mental health expenditures (Pfizer, 2000).
Healthcare
- As many as half
of all visits to primary care physicians are due to conditions caused
or exacerbated by mental health or emotional problems (Collaborative
Family Healthcare Coalition, 1998).
- People with depression
are more than four times as likely to have a heart attack than those
without a history of the illness (National Institute of Mental Health,
1998).
- Almost 21 percent
of hospital beds are filled by people with mental illnesses (Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995).
- The treatment success
rate for schizophrenia is 60 percent, 80 percent for bipolar disorders,
and 65 percent for major depression, whereas the treatment success rate
for heart disease ranges from only 41 to 52 percent (Substance Abuse
and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995).
- More than 44 million
Americans lack health insurance, and many are unable to access the services
they need from an overburdened and under-funded public mental health
system (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1999; The Hay Group, 1997).
- Full mental health
parity will increase insurance premiums by only 0.9 percent (Congressional
Budget Office, 2000).
- The average annual
growth of expenditures for treatment of mental illness and substance
abuse was 7.2 percent between 1986 and 1996, notably slower than the
8.3 percent average annual growth for national healthcare expenditures
(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996).
- Recent studies
have shown that heart attack survivors with major depression have a
3-4 times greater risk of dying within six months than those who do
not suffer from depression.
- Nine out of ten Americans say that health insurance companies should provide coverage for mental illness that is more than or equal to that provided for physical illness or injury (National Mental Health Association, 1999).
Minorities
- Adult Caucasians
who have either depression or an anxiety disorder are more likely to
receive treatment than adult African Americans with the same disorders,
even though the disorders occur in both groups at about the same rate,
taking into account socioeconomic factors (Surgeon General Report on
Mental Health, 1999).
- The rate of illicit
drug use is 10.6% among Native Americans, 7.7% among African Americans,
6.8% among Hispanics, 6.6% among Caucasians, and 3.2% among Asian Americans
(Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999).
- About twice as
many African Americans went without health insurance in 1998 and 1999
than did Caucasians (U.S. Census Bureau, 1999).
- More than half
of all African Americans and Native Americans are anticipated to use
public insurance to pay for inpatient mental health treatment, compared
to 34% of Caucasians (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
1998).
- While the suicide
rate for white teenage males fell somewhat between 1986 and 1997 (from
18 per 100,000 to 16 per 100,000), the rate for African American male
teens increased dramatically during the same period (7.1 per 100,000
to 11.4 per 100,000) (U.S. Surgeon General, 2001).
- The suicide rate
among Native American adolescents and young adults accounts for 64 percent
of all Native American suicides (Centers for Disease Control, 2001).
- Ninety percent
of African American youths who enter the mental health system live in
poverty (U.S. Surgeon General, 2001).
- In inner-city Chicago,
68 percent of children have seen a person beat someone else and 22.5
percent have seen someone shot or killed (National Institute of Mental
Health, 2001).
- Asian American women have the highest rate of suicide among women over age 65 (Centers for Disease Control, 2001).
